"Magic as Ersatz Experiments": A presentation by Eric Van Duzer November 24, 2008

In the nineteenth century it was common for magicians to present magic illusions as "experiments." This defined the role of the performer as an individual with an imperfect relationship with the magic power. In examining the literature on deception, illusion, and performance, it becomes clear that there is more to defining magic effects as experiments than is commonly recognized. Indeed, the underlying theme inherent in magic performances is the presentation of a carefully observed experiment to test the magician's claims of control over supernatural powers.

Paradoxically, while ethical magicians are careful not to claim any such power, magic performances are designed to allow for no other explanation. For example, after very clearly showing her hands empty, the magician slowly reaches into the air and plucks a coin from empty space. In this case, the performer demonstrates the ability to materialize coins from nothingness. As in any experiment, the more stringent the conditions of the performance, the stronger the evidence is that only supernatural powers could make such an event possible. Investigating the psychology and presentation of magic through the underlying structure and logic of classic experimental methods offers a unique and powerful approach to designing effective illusions.

Eric Van Duser is a professor of education at Humboldt State University in California. He is also a talented magician.

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